System Architecture
Determine and configure hardware settings
Weight: 2
Enable and disable integrated peripherals.
Differentiate between various types of mass storage devices.
Determine hardware resources for devices.
Use tools to list hardware information (lsusb, lspci).
Use tools to manipulate USB devices.
Understand sysfs, udev, and dbus.
Files/Utilities: /sys/, /proc/, /dev/, modprobe, lsmod, lspci, lsusb.
Boot the system
Weight: 3
Provide commands to the boot loader and kernel at boot time.
Understand boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to boot completion.
Understand SysVinit and systemd.
Awareness of Upstart.
Check boot events in log files.
Files/Utilities: dmesg, journalctl, BIOS, UEFI, bootloader, kernel, initramfs, init, SysVinit, systemd.
Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
Weight: 3
Set default runlevel or boot target.
Change between runlevels/boot targets including single-user mode.
Shutdown and reboot from command line.
Alert users before switching runlevels or major system events.
Properly terminate processes.
Awareness of acpid.
Files/Utilities: /etc/inittab, shutdown, init, /etc/init.d/, telinit, systemd, systemctl, /etc/systemd/, /usr/lib/systemd/, wall.
Linux Installation and Package Management
Design hard disk layout
Weight: 2
Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions/disks.
Tailor design to intended system use.
Ensure /boot partition matches architecture requirements.
Understand basic LVM features.
Files/Utilities: /, /var, /home, /boot, EFI System Partition (ESP), swap, mount points, partitions.
Install a boot manager
Weight: 2
Provide alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
Install and configure boot loaders like GRUB.
Perform GRUB 2 configuration changes.
Interact with boot loader.
Files/Utilities: menu.lst, grub.cfg, grub.conf, grub-install, grub-mkconfig, MBR.
Manage shared libraries
Weight: 1
Identify shared libraries.
Identify system library locations.
Load shared libraries.
Files/Utilities: ldd, ldconfig, /etc/ld.so.conf, LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Use Debian package management
Weight: 3
Install, upgrade, and uninstall Debian packages.
Find packages containing specific files/libraries.
Check package version, dependencies, integrity, and installation status.
Awareness of apt.
Files/Utilities: /etc/apt/sources.list, dpkg, dpkg-reconfigure, apt-get, apt-cache.
Use RPM and YUM package management
Weight: 3
Install, reinstall, upgrade, and remove packages using RPM, YUM, and Zypper.
Obtain RPM package details like dependencies and signatures.
Find files provided by a package.
Awareness of dnf.
Files/Utilities: rpm, rpm2cpio, /etc/yum.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum, zypper.
Linux as a virtualization guest
Weight: 1
Understand virtual machines and containers.
Understand cloud VM elements like compute, storage, and networking.
Understand Linux system cloning/template requirements.
Understand system image deployment.
Understand Linux virtualization extensions.
Awareness of cloud-init.
Files/Utilities: Virtual machine, Linux container, Application container, Guest drivers, SSH host keys, D-Bus machine id.
GNU and Unix Commands
Work on the command line
Weight: 4
Use shell commands and command sequences.
Manage shell environment variables.
Edit command history.
Run commands inside and outside path.
Files/Utilities: bash, echo, env, export, pwd, set, unset, type, which, man, uname, history, .bash_history, Quoting.
Process text streams using filters
Weight: 2
Apply text utility filters to modify output streams.
Files/Utilities: bzcat, cat, cut, head, less, md5sum, nl, od, paste, sed, sha256sum, sha512sum, sort, split, tail, tr, uniq, wc, xzcat, zcat.
Perform basic file management
Weight: 4
Copy, move, and remove files/directories.
Copy multiple files recursively.
Remove files/directories recursively.
Use wildcard specifications.
Use find based on type, size, or time.
Use tar, cpio, and dd.
Files/Utilities: cp, find, mkdir, mv, ls, rm, rmdir, touch, tar, cpio, dd, file, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, bunzip2, xz, unxz.
Use streams, pipes and redirects
Weight: 4
Redirect stdin, stdout, and stderr.
Pipe command outputs.
Use command output as arguments.
Send output to both stdout and file.
Files/Utilities: tee, xargs.
Create, monitor and kill processes
Weight: 4
Run jobs in foreground/background.
Keep programs running after logout.
Monitor active processes.
Select and sort processes.
Send signals to processes.
Files/Utilities: &, bg, fg, jobs, kill, nohup, ps, top, free, uptime, pgrep, pkill, killall, watch, screen, tmux.
Modify process execution priorities
Weight: 2
Know default job priority.
Run programs with higher/lower priority.
Change priority of running processes.
Files/Utilities: nice, ps, renice, top.
Search text files using regular expressions
Weight: 2
Create regular expressions.
Understand basic vs extended regex.
Use character classes, quantifiers, and anchors.
Search filesystem or content using regex.
Edit text using regex.
Files/Utilities: grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, regex(7).
Basic file editing
Weight: 3
Navigate documents using vi.
Use vi modes.
Insert, edit, delete, copy, and search text.
Awareness of Emacs, nano, vim.
Configure default editor.
Files/Utilities: vi, /, ?, h,j,k,l, i,o,a, d,p,y,dd,yy, ZZ, :w!, :q!, EDITOR.
Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
Create partitions and filesystems
Weight: 2
Manage MBR and GPT partition tables.
Create filesystems using mkfs commands.
Supported filesystems: ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, VFAT, exFAT.
Understand Btrfs features including multi-device filesystems, compression, and subvolumes.
Files/Utilities: fdisk, gdisk, parted, mkfs, mkswap.
Maintain the integrity of filesystems
Weight: 2
Verify filesystem integrity.
Monitor free space and inodes.
Repair simple filesystem issues.
Files/Utilities: du, df, fsck, e2fsck, mke2fs, tune2fs, xfs_repair, xfs_fsr, xfs_db.
Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
Weight: 3
Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
Configure filesystem mounting at boot.
Configure user-mountable removable filesystems.
Use labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting filesystems.
Awareness of systemd mount units.
Files/Utilities: /etc/fstab, /media/, mount, umount, blkid, lsblk.
Manage file permissions and ownership
Weight: 3
Manage permissions on files and directories.
Use suid, sgid, and sticky bit for security.
Change file creation mask.
Use group ownership to grant access.
Files/Utilities: chmod, umask, chown, chgrp.
Create and change hard and symbolic links
Weight: 2
Create links.
Identify hard and symbolic links.
Understand copying vs linking files.
Use links for administration tasks.
Files/Utilities: ln, ls.
Find system files and place files in the correct location
Weight: 2
Understand Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).
Find files and commands in Linux.
Know locations and purposes of important files and directories.
Files/Utilities: find, locate, updatedb, whereis, which, type, /etc/updatedb.conf.